Paramyxoviridae
Recorded terms: human parainfluenza virus 3; human parainfluenza virus type 3
The Capicua and ATXN1L repressor complex binds an eight-nucleotide motif at interferon and interferon-stimulated gene loci to hold them repressed during homeostasis in human and mouse cells, and is degraded through EGFR-MAPK signaling early in respiratory viral entry, which relieves that repression.
Restricting nucleoprotein availability in negative-sense RNA virus infections both blocks full-length genome replication and increases production of aberrant replication products that are sensed through RIG-I and MAVS, so a strong interferon response accompanies rather than follows successful infection.
Across cell lines, primary bronchial epithelium, ferrets and patient material, SARS-CoV-2 infection produces a transcriptional response distinguishable from that to other respiratory viruses, combining low type I and type III interferon induction with a moderate interferon-stimulated gene response and strong chemokine and IL-6 expression.